Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2016 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 6 Articles
Background: Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is one of the most important viral diseases of poultry, affecting chickens\nof all ages and causing major economic losses in poultry flocks. Mass vaccination is conducted in Morocco using a\nvaccine against Massachusetts, which is the most dominant serotype; however no information about the pathogenesis\nand tissue distribution of the Moroccan Italy 02 genotype was reported.\n40 one-day-old specific pathogen free chickens were divided randomly into four groups. Group1, 2 and 3 were\ninoculated intra oculo-nasally with 103.5 EID50 of Italy02 viruses, and group 4 was kept as control. Chickens in each\ngroup were monitored for 14 days post-infection (pi).\nResults: Chickens in all infected groups showed severe respiratory signs, which most of them have been reproduced\non 2dpi, with varying times of appearance and disappearance. The infected birds appeared lethargic, reluctant to\nmove, with specific respiratory clinical signs and macroscopic lesions. However no nephritis lesions or mortality\nwere recorded in all groups. The specific histological lesions finding in all infected birds, exhibited tracheal lesions\nwith mucosal thickening, hyperplasia of the surface epithelium, mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate of lamina\npropria. Primary and secondary bronchi, epithelial hyperplasia and mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate of the\nlamina propria were also observed. Tracheal lesions developed in all infected birds, confirm the ability of the\nthree tested strains to induce respiratory disease. The results at 14 dpi also revealed that all strains were able to\ninduce serological response. Virus re-isolation from infected organs and amplification of the viral RNA by real-time\nPCR proved the presence of the virus in lung and trachea of infected chicks. Neither re-isolation nor significant\nviral RNA detection were detected in the kidney.\nConclusion: The results demonstrated that the three strains Italy02 genotype emerging in Moroccan poultry\nfarms have a wide distribution for respiratory system, without kidney damage and without causing mortality....
To compare the healing of purulent wounds with Shilajit dressing vs. Vishnevsky dressing in dogs\nwith purulent wounds of >2 weeks of duration, eight dogs were chosen from same ages in two\ngroups i.e., Shilajit and Vishnevsky dressing group. Dressing was done on every day basis for more\nthan two weeks of follow up period. Main outcome of healing measure was completed at three\nweeks. Wound healing status was assessed at three days intervals till end of three weeks. Shilajit\ntreated achieved complete decrease in the wound surface area, effect of healing score in Shilajit\ndressing group in comparison to the Vishnevsky dressing group at p > 0.05 level of significance.\nShilajit is highly effective in achieving a characteristic feature of regenerative and granulation\nhealing of purulent wounds as compared to Vishnevsky dressing group in dogs....
Background: Combined use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may\ninduce acute kidney injury in humans, especially when combined with diuretics. The objective of this investigation was to\nevaluate the effects of benazepril, robenacoxib and their combination in healthy cats.\nIn each of two studies (study 1 followed by study 2), 32 healthy cats were randomised to one of four groups (n =4 male\nand 4 female cats per group) in a parallel-group design. The groups received orally once daily for 7 days either placebo\n(control group), benazepril, robenacoxib or benazepril plus robenacoxib. In study 2, all groups received in addition\n0.5 mg/kg furosemide twice daily by subcutaneous injection for 7 days.\nResults: Benazepril, robenacoxib and their combination were well tolerated as evidenced from lack of clinical signs\nand no negative effects on body weight, feed consumption and clinical chemistry, haematology and urinalysis variables.\nThe primary endpoint of the study was the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which was estimated from the plasma\nclearance of iohexol. In the absence of furosemide, GFR was significantly higher in cats receiving the combination of\nbenazepril plus robenacoxib compared to the other three groups, and was also significantly higher in females receiving\nonly benazepril compared to the control.\nAdministration of furosemide induced diuresis, reduced GFR and activated the renin-aldosterone-angiotensin system,\nevidenced from increased plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentrations. Compared to the control group\nin cats treated with furosemide, GFR was increased by benazepril (females only) but decreased by robenacoxib (males\nonly). Benazepril, robenacoxib and their combination significantly inhibited the increase in plasma aldosterone induced by\nfurosemide.\nConclusions: The combination of benazepril and robenacoxib was well tolerated and either increased or had a neutral\neffect on GFR in healthy cats without or with concomitant furosemide. The combination of benazepril and robenacoxib\nreduced plasma aldosterone concentrations increased by furosemide. It is recommended to test the efficacy and safety of\nthe combined use of benazepril and robenacoxib in cats with clinical disease, notably proteinuric chronic kidney disease....
Background: Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) produces disorders on the immune system in naturally infected animals,\nwhich may counteract the development of immunity after vaccination. The aim of this study was to investigate\nwhether healthy and BLV infected cattle elicited similar humoral responses after foot and mouth disease (FMD)\nimmunization. In a field study, 35 Holstein heifers were selected based on their BLV serological status and immunized\nwith a single dose of a commercial bivalent oil-based FMD vaccine. Serum samples were collected at 0, 15, 60, 165\nand 300 days post vaccination (dpv).\nResults: Total anti-A24/Cruzeiro antibodies, IgM, IgG1, IgG2 titers and avidity index of specific antibodies were\ndetermined by ELISA. Although only marginally significant differences were found between groups in terms of total\nantibodies, anti-FMD IgM and IgG1 titers were significantly lower in heifers infected with BLV at the 15 dpv (p < 0.01).\nAnimals that became infected during the study did not show differences to the BLV negative group.\nConclusions: Cattle infected with BLV at the time of immunization may elicit a low-magnitude serological response to\na commercial Foot-and-mouth disease vaccine....
Background: Based on the prodrug principle, aspirin and eugenol, as starting precursors, were esterified to\nsynthesize aspirin eugenol ester (AEE). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antithrombotic effect of\nAEE in an animal disease model. In order to compare the therapeutic effects of AEE and its precursors, aspirin,\neugenol and a combination of aspirin and eugenol were designed at the same molar quantities as the AEE\nmedium dose in the control group.\nMethods: After oral administration of AEE (dosed at 18, 36 and 72 mg/kg) for seven days, rats were treated with\nk-carrageenan to induce tail thrombosis. Following the same method, aspirin (20 mg/kg), eugenol (18 mg/kg) and\n0.5 % CMC-Na (30 mg/kg) were administered as control drug. Different drug effects on platelet aggregation,\nhemorheology, TXB2/6-keto-PGF1�± ratio and blood biochemistry were studied.\nResults: AEE significantly inhibited ADP and AA-induced platelet aggregation in vivo. AEE also significantly reduced\nblood and plasma viscosity. Moreover, AEE down-regulated TXB2 and up-regulated 6-keto-PGF1�±, normalizing the\nTXB2/6-keto-PGF1�± ratio and blood biochemical profile. In comparison with aspirin and eugenol, AEE produced\nmore positive therapeutic effects than its precursors under the same molar quantity.\nConclusion: It may be concluded that AEE was a good candidate for new antithrombotic and antiplatelet\nmedicine. Additionally, this study may help to understand how AEE works on antithrombosis in different ways....
The present study was undertaken to elucidate the toxic effects of doxorubicin on different alterations especially haematological parameters. A total of 24 healthy female Wistar rats were reared for three weeks and then randomly divided into 4 groups of 6 in each. Group 1-Control, Group 2-Doxorubicin – Toxic control @ 2 mg/kg body wt. by intravenous injection for 5 days followed by weekly once for 2 weeks, Group 3-Pre treatment with ascorbic acid @ 500 mg/g feed by enteral route for 7 days followed by intravenous injection of doxorubicin as mentioned in group 2. Ascorbic acid supplementation was continued during these 19 days, Group 4-Pre treatment with Spirulina @ 1000 mg/kg feed by enteral route for 7 days followed by intravenous injection of doxorubicin as mentioned in group 2. Spirulina supplementation was continued during these 19 days. Body weights were recorded on zero day, last day and haematological parameters were estimated and analyzed statistically in the samples collected at the end of experiment. Body weights, heart weights and heart weight/body weight ratio were significantly (P<0.05) reduced in group 2 but in group 3 and 4 there was moderate reduction in these parameters. Haematological studies revealed that overall means of TEC, Hb, TLC and PCV were significantly (P<0.05) reduced in group 2 in comparison to other groups. The ameliorative groups 3 and 4 showed mild to moderate improvement in all parameters in comparison to group 2....
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